Friday, December 27, 2019

Online Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom - 1586 Words

Higher education has become an important commodity in today’s society. We are told as children that college is the only way to obtain a good job and secure our future. Once a student has decided to pursue. The traditional learning experience is sold as we tour campuses. This is the way higher education has been completed since its inception. Society has evolved and so has the ways to obtain higher learning. Students now have the option to complete their learning online, as well as, the traditional route. Online learning has been looked at as a lower level of learning, compared to the traditional classroom setting. I believe that online learning has now evolved to the level that it is equal to the traditional classroom setting. I also believe that online learning adds additional benefits to students when used in conjunction with traditional learning. To better understand this, a knowledge of the different settings will need to be explained. The traditional setting is where a student sits in a classroom and learns from an instructor during lecture and demonstration. Bo Keum Choi, of the Institute for Whole Person Education with Sogang University, and Ellen L. Park, of the Baird University College at SoongSil University, (2014), state â€Å"The traditional college classroom design is based on the educational space that first appeared in medieval universities. Since then classrooms have not changed except in their size.†(749) This shows that the traditional classroom has remained theShow MoreRelatedOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom Learning1850 Words   |  8 Pages Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Learning Crystal I. Grimes Grimes9892@mail.philau.edu IT-201 Professor Jim Greeneâ€Æ' Abstract: Technology has had and imperative influence in almost every aspect of life. It has also made an impact on how we learn today. Some question how effective learning could be via the internet, while most stick with the familiarity of traditional classroom learning. Either option you choose still substantiates that technology has changed the way we learn and willRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom843 Words   |  4 Pagescan also broaden your horizons in the job market, getting the best education is important whether it is online learning or in a traditional classroom. The key is finding the one that will be most efficient for your learning. I would say online learning is more hard because I think there is a lot of unnecessary 1busy work assigned in my personal opinion than a classroom setting. Online learning has advantages as well such as being in the convenience of one’s own home and having the flexibility toRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom959 Words   |  4 PagesOnline learning is much different from the traditional classroom settings. Aside from the obvious location differences, there are pros and cons to online learning that are very different from a classroom. A student must be willing to embrace these differences to successfully move forward and excel in the online environment. One of the things in online learning that is important is establishing your classroom. With a traditional class, the classroom and times are designated to the student. Read MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom891 Words   |  4 Pagestheir degree in an online setting. Online learning gives people the opportunity to get their education in a way that is more flexible and can fit in with their daily lives. Though both are reputable forms of higher educations, there are distinct differences between learning in a tradition classroom and learning in an online setting. The most obvious difference in online learning versus traditional classroom learning is the setting. Traditionally, students would gather in a classroom where they wouldRead MoreOnline Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Learning618 Words   |  3 Pagesthrough online learning, rather than in a traditional classroom. As, a student is making that choice it is critical that they choose the best learning environment that allows them to meets their individual needs. When students are selecting the best learning environment there are various consideration that should be made before a decision is made. Education ourselves about the benefits and disadvantages allows us to narrow our selection between online learning and traditional classroom learning. RegardlessRead MoreOnline Classes vs. Traditional Classroom Learning 623 Words   |  2 PagesOnline Classes vs. Traditional Classroom Learning When deciding to take college courses there are many choices you have to make. One of the more important choices is where you plan to take your classes. Online classes are becoming increasingly popular because they can be easier to fit into a busy schedule, but some people still argue that nothing beats a traditional classroom setting. Having the option of online classes makes continuing an education more appealing to people that have to balanceRead MoreTraditional Classroom Learning Vs. Online Education2355 Words   |  10 PagesVs. Online Education Pauline Nguyen English 240 Professor Jawad Ali Traditional Classroom Learning Vs. Online Education Education is becoming one of the most essential things in a person’s life. Nowadays, many individuals are looking to go the extra mile and further their education. This is because numerous employers require a degree and a significant amount of experience in order to become eligible for certain occupations. The next question to consider is how to go about this. YoungerRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom Education1660 Words   |  7 Pagescomfort of your home or even your pajamas. The idea of attending school online and at personal convenience is an option that many high school and college students have difficulty passing up. In today’s education system, students have the option to attend school in a traditional classroom setting or attend online in the comfort of their own homes. Both options have their benefits. However, in most cases, a traditional classroom education better prepares students K-12 for their futures by encouragingRead MoreThe Debate: On line Learning Versus Brick and Mortar Learning1540 Words   |  7 Pagestaking the traditional classroom courses. It was a major struggle for me because I was working full-time and part-time jobs while working on an Associates Degree. What should have taken me only two years to complete it took me four because I was not able to work in all the classes needed to graduated in a two year time period my work crazy hours and take care of my family would not allow it. After getting my Associates Degree I knew I wanted to continue my education but traditional classroom learningRead MoreAdvantages of Online Learning essay844 Words   |  4 PagesDav Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Learning Online Learning versus Traditional Classroom Learning Today, many students are faced with the decision to go to a school where they sit in a classroom and learn from a teacher face to face, or go to school online where the teacher sends out assignments through email and discussion boards. Not only do students have this decision for college, but they now have it for high school

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Langston Hughes The American Dream And Southern...

rank Sommers Mr. Ingrassia English IV Period 07 11/4/14 Langston Hughes Themes, Styles, and Techniques Langston Hughes has solidified his place as one of the greatest writers in American Literature to this day. This achievement is due to his thought provoking use of certain styles and techniques to portray his main themes and ideas. Many of Langston Hughes’ themes originated from his personal feelings and experiences. Hughes thus centers his themes around the ups and downs of African Americans living in America during his time. Langston Hughes contrasts the American Dream and northern migration with the reality of prejudice against Negroes. Langston Hughes helps readers better understand these themes by employing many styles ranging from the use color to describe his views to writing in his own, experimental way. Besides Hughes’ several unique styles, he also employs multiple techniques in his works. One of Langston Hughes’ most common and popular themes is that of the American Dream. Langston Hughes portrays th e theme of equal hope for all people in America in his poem â€Å"Evenin’ Air Blues† (Johnson 60). Through the theme of the American Dream, Langston Hughes is ultimately saying that life should be better, richer, and fuller for everyone, especially the suppressed African American people. Langston Hughes writes about the promise that every person in America should have an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work (Johnson 60). Hughes is expressingShow MoreRelatedEssay From The South To The North1787 Words   |  8 Pagescentury, most of the South, geographically, was inhabited by African Americans. African-Americans have been stuck in poverty in the past, and they did not have any job opportunities, due to racial prejudice. They have suffered ever since they were slaves picking up cotton and when the Ku Klux Klan was around. African Americans grew in fear in the South. Because of this, the North needed workers after World War I African-Americans jumped at the chance of moving to the North because the demand of employeesRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Ethical Communication For Business JB HiFi †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Communication For Business JB HiFi. Answer: Organization overview The area concentrates on the key data of the company including its history and the journey towards where the business is at the present. In addition, the section looks into the market shares controlled by the organization of interest within the industry as well as its ranking among other competitors. As such, the business is placed in a statistical analysis to determine which of the many enterprises command a substantial market share within the industry as well as the trend involved in the current market dynamics. Consequently, a determination of the financial performance my subject of interest is made. Other essential aspects such as the ownership structure to determine power structure within a business whether it is run by an individual or a group. In addition, we determine procedures of elevating people to the management level. The physical location and the head offices of the enterprise are discussed. Industry overview In this section, we will address the industry to which our company of interest belongs. On that light, we look at the key factors affecting the field. On that light, we concentrate on what impacts they have on the livelihoods of people to determine whether many players are required or a few enterprises can satisfy the demand of the products in the market. Being in the retail of consumer goods, our research will concentrate on the major players to compare to our research business since most of these goods are necessities hence must be provided in huge volumes in the market which encourage many investors. The challenges, therefore, should include the aspect of competition within the field and how it shapes the market. To support our arguments the claims ought to be followed up with industry reports on comparison as well as the determination of those with a major command of the industry. Communication Strategy The section discusses business communication to the external world. We consider the strategies employed by organizations to enhance the perception the public holds about them. As such, the focus will be based on reports made and released through media for the purpose of informing the people about aspects they care about or the financial proceedings of the enterprises. On the other hand, the data could be a persuasive move to attract consumers to use more of their products. In addition, will discuss special communication carried out by an entrepreneur to counter negative publicity. For instance, if an influential person commented adversely about a business which strategy do they use to clean their name and gain the confidence of the people who might have changed their opinion based on the formers declaration. Organization Overview JB HiFi is a company in the retail industry dealing with home electronics, mobile phones, car audio systems, as well as video games. The company was founded in 1974 and was acquired by the current owners in the year 2000. Under the current owners, the company landed on the ASX list in October 2003 (DatAnalysis 2017). It runs physical stores and also has an online shopping platform. According to, (IBISWorld 2016), most of the retailers income is got through sales to other small-scale entrepreneurs in the industry. By mid-last year, the company stores around the continent were one hundred and seventy-nine (IBISWorld). As such, they are at an advantage over the competitors due to their scale of production as well as institutions. The companys headquarters location is at Level 4 in the Chadstone shopping center, along Dandenong road (DatAnalysis 2017). The company is headed by seven directors all who have been in the leadership through appointments. In the current regime, the longest-serving member has been in office since 2007 hence has had a term of a decade as at now (DatAnalysis 2017). Out of the seven, there is only one executive member the others are non-executive (DatAnalysis 2017). The directors are assisted by individuals who are responsible to run different major aspects affecting the smooth running of the enterprise. There are eight members who include the secretary and director in charge of company finances as well as the individual who controls information around the entire business. In addition, there is a director responsible for all marketing operations carried out by the enterprise as well as the merchandise director whose main job include ensuring that the commodities are in the right quality as well as ensuring other standards of their products are met. For operations to move according to the plan, there is an individual responsible for the task as well as a strategist and digital controller who decides what should be allowed within their online space as well as following trends in the space to create a niche for the company within the very competitive area. The last individual in the group is the director of the chain of supply and the company solutions (DatAnalysis 2017). Last year, (IBISWorld 2016) claims that the company accumulated over three billion dollars in revenue which they credited to the huge market they command. The retailer has created over seven thousand employment opportunities for the Australian citizens thus contributing to the countrys revenue (IBISWorld 2017). Industry Overview The industry size according to the 2016/2017 financial report indicates it stands at one hundred and thirty-seven thousand million dollars, six hundred and fifty-two thousand (IBISWorld 2017). The industry was reported to have a turnover growth rate of -0.71(IBISWorld 2017). The number of businesses in the industry by the time of the release of the report was at three thousand, eight hundred and eighty-five. Additionally, the estimate of the market shares of the company was estimated to be slightly over twenty-four percent (IBISWorld 2017). The move that elevated the company to a league of a major player within the industry was made in November 2016 where they acquired Muir Electrical Companys the Good Guys at eight hundred and seventy Thousand million dollars (IBISWorld 2017). For the home appliances, the company has expanded the range as well as the products they offer. In turn, the move has significantly led to an overall expansion in the entire field. When an important player in the same line of business ceases to exist, the businesses still able to operate are left at an advantage. In June 2016, Dick Smith, an enterprise that produced the same line of electrical goods exit the industry and it is believed that the move benefited JB HiFi a great deal since their customers had to have an alternative (IBISWorld 2017). Since the company is well established and they enjoy economies of scale, they are able to offer lower prices in comparison to other competitors which in turn lead to an increased number of consumers preferring them (IBISWorld 2017). Having a wide range of products also plays an important role in making them a consumer spot since consumers with diverse needs make a stop at the stores and while shopping for what they intended to learn about other merchandise offered hence they can always come back for it. One of the major challenges faced by the enterprise is competition from the well-established online shopping spaces (I BISWorld 2017). Communication Strategy The part details JB HiFi external communication to engage the public and interested parties about the progress or necessary response to issues relating to them directly. Most of the information to the outside world is in relation to marketing and reminding them about their products. In addition, if a company does not inform people about their activities they may be overtaken by competitors who stay relevant by ensuring their presence is heard through press releases. On 13th September 2017, the company made their net profit after tax public as it is required by law for all the public companies (DatAnalysis 2017). They claimed a rise of 13.29% which is equivalent to one hundred and seventy-two million dollars, and four hundred thousand. They also claimed in the same release that revenues collected from their activities had risen by a forty-two percent from the previous year. On 14th August this year, the business released its total results for the financial reports relating to the financial year 2017 (DatAnalysis 2017). On the information given to the public included updating them on the increased profit gained due to a bigger sales margin of over five billion up from the previous year which amounted to slightly less than four billion. One of the major aspects considered while making press announcements is to inform the public about the change in management structures or individuals from particular influential positions within the business. As such, on 6th April this year, the company through their chief executive announced that the Group chief executive officer of the Good Guys company, which was absorbed by JB Hifi would be leaving his position and the business as well (DatAnalysis 2017). As much as the annual reports are necessary within the plan to update the public, it is necessary to offer the public follow-ups of the reports at intervals before the year ends. Therefore, the enterprise released a half year report on 13th February 2017 announcing that by in six months the company had realized growth in sales by thirteen percent. Companies ought to communicate about events that should be carried out within their calendar year through their website or the mainstream media. On 15th September 2017, the company announced the annual shareholders general meeting scheduled for 26th October this year. In the release, they have put all the necessary details of what is expected of the participant during and before the set day. There are details featured about the venue and the time set for the event to avoid confusion that could be experienced in absence of the same (Factiva 2017). In addition, the general public should be informed about shares of the company and who controls the majority so that they are able to make informed decisions when considering investing in the business. On September 13th this year, the company changed the policies on shares and the voting power offered by the number of shares owned to suit the recommendations of the company by making slight changes (Factiva 2017). On a report made on 7th Sept ember 2017, retail companies in Australia have been experiencing challenges retaining their existing outlets hence there are higher chances of closure than considerations to open other branches (Factiva 2017). Additionally, employees in the board, directors and other managerial roles ought to be made public when they are hired and their qualifications in order to build public confidence in the office as well as for transparency as well as other activities such as taxes. Similarly, when the managers purchase company shares it is made public so the interested parties are aware of the formers added interest in the business. On that note, when Mark Powell one of the appointed members of the company board, the information was announced on 29th August 2017 (Factiva 2017). The general public participating in the same type of investment must have their details publicized to ensure openness in the process. There is a listing on the same report that indicates what percentage of the company the other directors have control over in the form of shares. In summary, all significant milestones of important industry players in the retail industries have to be reported through the preferred channels with the aim of keeping the public in the knowledge of aspects that might affect them. Company management is exposed to the public for vetting as well as to maintain the proper code of ethics expected of people in public service. Information about financial status is vital in guiding interested investors in the shares market which is a popular business world over. Additionally, for consumers, the information aids in determining the right outlet to purchase goods based on their pricing. Countrys revenue agencies also use the information provided by businesses to tax them. Consequently, for those who evade their responsibilities in the tax departments, penalties are levied based on their performance such that those with substantial earnings pay equally huge amounts as opposed to the small-scale retailers. References DatAnalysis 2017. https://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/af/company/corpdetails?ASXCode=JBHxtm-licens. Accessed 11 Sep 2017. DatAnalysis 2017. https://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/af/company/bussummary?ASXCode=JBHxtm-licensee=datpremiumee=datpremium. Accessed 11 Sep 2017 DatAnalysis,2017.https://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/af/company/directorsmanagement?ASXCode=JBHxtm-licensee=datpremium Accessed 11 Sep 2017. IBISWorld 2017. https://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/reports/au/enterprisepremium/default.aspx?entid=9961. Accessed 11 Sep 2017 IBISWorld 2017. https://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/reports/au/industry/default.aspx?entid=1838 Accessed 11 Sep 2017. Factiva 2017. https://global-factiva-com.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au/hs/default.aspx Accessed 11 Sep 2017. https://www.ibisworld.comau/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/jb-hi-fi-limited-company.html https://applianceretailer.com.au/2016/09/ibisworld-jb-hi-fi-acquisition-boost-appliance-sales/

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Shakespeare free essay sample

This paper discusses the life and times of William Shakespeare. The author states that little is know of Shakespeares life details, but it is known that he started acting in 1597 before the queen and soon became an expert playwright. He points out that one of the interesting aspects of Shakespeares life is that he came from the farm class and grew up in a town where most of the people were illiterate. The feminist position of Shakespeare is discussed. The author states that to be a successful playwright in Shakespeares day, a playwright had to interest many different people and that is why Shakespeare had such a wide range of play topics and styles. William Shakespeare was born on 23rd April 1564 to farmer class parents. This is the reason why we find his life so amazing. He grew up in a town where the majority of the people could neither read nor write. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is known that about five years after he married he left his hometown, Stratford, and went to London where he started acting before the queen. It is known that his careers as an actor as well as a manger both were illustrious and he had a good many years of criticism and success. He lived the latter part of his life actively and died a wealthy man.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

At Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Essay Example

At Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Essay Example At Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Paper At Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Paper OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY ANTIPOLO CAMPUS A BUSINESS CASE STUDY ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Submitted to: Dr, Marmelo V. Abante CCS Dept. Head / Project Management Professor Submitted by: Brioso, John Oliver P. Student ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership INTRODUCTION As a world leader in communication technology, ATT connects people from all around the globe. Just as consumers and businesses rely on ATT services to stay connected, ATT relies on internal resources, in particular project and program managers, to remain a best in-class service provider. BACKGROUND ATT Inc. (NYSE: T News) is a premier communications holding company. Its subsidiaries and affiliates, ATT operating companies, are the providers of ATT services in the United States and around the world. Among their offerings are the worlds most advanced IP-based business communications services and the nations leading wireless, high speed Internet access and voice services? In domestic markets, ATT is known for the directory publishing and advertising sales leadership of its Yellow Pages and YELLOWPAGES. COM organizations, and the ATT brand is licensed to innovators in such fields as communications equipment. As part of its three-screen integration strategy, ATT is expanding its TV entertainment offerings. In 2008, ATT again ranked No. 1 on Fortune magazines Worlds Most Admired Telecommunications Company list and No. 1 on Americas Most Admired Telecommunications Company list. In an effort to institute common standards, foster a project management culture and improve individual and organizational competencies, AT established a Project Management Center of Excellence (PMCOE). The PMCOE targeted over 10,000 project managers, program managers and their supervisors, as well as holders of the Project Management Professional (PMP ®) credential within the company, with the mission to be recognized internally as the resource for project management consulting, mentoring, training, processes, tools and techniques. Additional goals of the PMCOE included: Drive AT culture to advocate, support and sustain professional project management Assess and improve AT professional project management competency at all levels: individual, team and organizational Ensure the right processes, services and tools are in place and linked to support professional project management success Ensure pertinent information is communicated to the PM Community in the most effective manner poss ible Secure visible leadership champions to support PMCOE initiatives Facilitate creation of a project management community to promote exchange of information to improve project management practices Encourage, facilitate and support continuing education and development of the PMCOE team. The project was led by 11 PMPs with an expense budget that covered the cost of the team’s professional development and the costs associated with the annual AT Project Management Symposium, a significant PMCOE initiative. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES BUSINESS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The business goals and objectives for this project will focus on implementing mobile technology that: Improves officer, firefighter and citizen safety. Facilitates coordination and information sharing both internal and external to the participating organizations. Enhances the ability and effectiveness of staff to perform their jobs. Facilitates coordinated crime prevention and reduction. Provides high levels of data security. Provides an open, flexible, reliable technology base for the future. Facilitates the electronic capture of data at its source. Is easy to use. Eliminate redundant data entry throughout the organization. PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Sample project goals and objectives: Ensure that end users have input into the design process. Accomplish project business goals and objectives within defined budget and time parameters. Minimize impact to standard business operations within the affected units. Craft a favorable and secure agreement between the Department and the sele cted vendor. PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN To support the AT Project Management Community, the PMCOE established consultants who were designated to support the various business units within the company. This business unit specific support provided the guidance and resources project management community members required even more intensive consulting was provided upon request to ensure that all needs were met. To understand which services were most important to the AT Project Management Community, the PMCOE distributed both company-wide and business unit surveys to identify problem areas (e. g. leadership support, adequate training, etc. ) and determine what needs its audience had which could potentially be met by the center. Initial discussions and survey findings helped to tailor the PMCOE offerings to provide the best payback of investment for both the PM Community and PMCOE efforts. Since effective communication was a vital element to the success of the project, the PMCOE established a formal Communications Management Plan which promoted awareness nd use of PMCOE products and services throughout the company. As companies merged, targeted emails to known project and program managers of each legacy company were used to announce the center’s purpose and mission, offering to support their professional needs. As the PM Community grew, the PMCOE launched a monthly newsletter containin g recent project management accomplishments, success stories, upcoming events and reminders of best practices. It was distributed via corporate email to ensure that information was being disseminated effectively. More recently, the PMCOE is expanding communications through rich content on the corporate intranet using the latest in Web 2. 0 technology. Additionally, to further promote the PMCOE and communicate the mission of the center, an annual AT PM Symposium was established to bring significant recognition to the practice of professional project management at AT. The annual event provides training and empowerment for project managers as well as the opportunity to network and collaborate with peers. Furthermore, leadership involvement in the Symposium has been consistently high, and in 2007, 22 AT officers and vice presidents participated across multiple locations. Communication with these corporate leaders has also been a critical success factor for the PMCOE. AT has found that when executives and middle managers support the mission of the center, their words have a significant influence on the project management community. CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEM OPPORTUNITY STATEMENT The largest challenge the PMCOE faced was that during project activities, legacy companies SBC and AT merged, bringing together two distinct project management improvement organizations with slightly different areas of focus. This change forced the PMCOE to reevaluate the project and determine how to appropriately fuse the strengths of the two organizations. The PMCOE was also finding it difficult to determine the best way to support the over 10,000 employees that make up AT project management community. Within the community, there are various business units all of which have different needs and concentrations. Additionally, not only was the PMCOE tasked to support a large number of AT project managers, they had to also understand which services were most important to them. Finally, effective and efficient communication would be a key element for he success of the PMCOE; however with such a sizeable and worldwide PM population, the PMCOE would have to determine how to best share valu able information on a large scale. Without appropriate communication, the PMCOE risked going unrecognized and not being used to its full potential. CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS The following assumptions were made in preparing the Project Plan: AT employees are willing to change business operations to take advantage of the functionality offered by the new mobile technology. Management will ensure that project team members are available as needed to complete project tasks and objectives. The Steering Committee will participate in the timely execution of the Project Plan (i. e. , timely approval cycles and meeting when required). Failure to identify changes to draft deliverables within the time specified in the project timeline will result in project delays. Project team members will adhere to the Communications Plan. Mid and upper management will foster support and â€Å"buy-in† of project goals and objectives. The City will ensure the existence of a technological infrastructure that can support the new mobile technology. All project participants will abide by the guidelines identified within this plan. The Project Plan may change as new information and issues are revealed. PROJECT CONSTRAINT The following represent known project constraints: Project funding sources are limited, with no contingency. Due to the nature of law enforcement, resource availability is inconsistent. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION To combat and avoid challenges during the development of the center, the PMCOE applied a project management methodology that was in complete alignment with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide). The first priority was to ensure that the merging of the PM practices between legacy companies ran smoothly. As such, the PMCOE followed a five step process as established by PMI for successful project management: The Initiating Process During this stage, the PMCOE team received approval from se nior management to establish the merged PMCOE. A proposal was developed which included a needs assessment, resource forecast and financial benefits. During annual planning, the PMCOE Business Plan was re-evaluated to ensure mission and goals were in alignment with corporate priorities and strategic drivers. The Planning Process The team determined which project management products and services from each legacy team continued to add value to the project management community. A needs assessment was completed to identify the most critical project management products and services under the new AT vision and mission statement. The Executing Process – The team executed the outlined plan which resulted in delivering the project on time, under budget and with quality. Within several months, the new PMCOE had executed the integration of the two legacy teams and gained traction with the recently merged PM Community. The Monitoring and Controlling Process The PMCOE reported business plan goals each month to senior management. An annual Client Satisfaction Survey was distributed at the end of the year to capture feedback from the merged AT Project Management Community and additional surveys were distributed to the participants of major deliverables including the annual AT Project Management Symposium. All this feedback was analyzed and incorporated into key findings that were then used to improve the PMCOE. The Closing Process – This final step occurred in two distinct stages. First, the integration of the legacy teams was completed successfully. Next, the process (Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling) was repeated when legacy BellSouth and legacy Cingular project managers were incorporated effectively into the PMCOE Business Plan. To finally close the project, lessons learned were identified to assist with future planning. POTENTIAL PROJECT RISKS RiskRisk Level L/M/HLikelihood of EventMitigation Strategy Project Size Person HoursH: Over 20,000CertaintyAssigned Project Manager, engaged consultant, comprehensive project management approach and communications plan Estimated Project ScheduleH: Over 12 monthsCertaintyCreated comprehensive project timeline with frequent baseline reviews Team Size at PeakH: Over 15 membersCertaintyComprehensive communications plan, frequent meetings, tight project management oversight Number of Interfaces to Existing Systems AffectedH: Over 3CertaintyDevelop interface control document immediately Project Definition Narrow Knowledge Level of UsersM: Knowledgeable of user area onlyLikelyAssigned Project Manager(s) to assess global implications Available documentation clouds establishment of baselineM: More than 75% complete/currentLikelyBalance of information to be gathered by consultant Project Scope CreepL: Scope generally defined, subject to revisionUnlikelyScope intially defined in project plan, reviewed monthly by three groups (Project Manager and Steering Committee) to prevent undetected scope creep Consultant Project Deliverables unclearL: Well definedUnlikelyIncluded in project plan, subject to amendment Vendor Project DeliverablesM: Estimated, not clearly definedSomewhat likelyIncluded in project plan, subject to amendment Cost Estimates UnrealisticL: Thoroughly predicted by industry experts using proven practices to 15% margin of errorUnlikelyIncluded in project plan, subject to amendment as new details regarding project scope are revealed Timeline Estimates UnrealisticM: Timeline assumes no derailmentSomewhat likelyTimeline reviewed monthly by three groups (Project Manager and Steering Committee) to prevent undetected timeline departures Number of Team Members Unknowledgeable of BusinessL: Team well versed in business operations impacted by technologyUnlikelyProject Manager and consultant to identify knowledge gaps and provide training, as necessary Project Leadership Steering Committee existenceL: Identified and enthusiasticUnlikelyFrequently seek feedback to ensure continued support Absence of Commitment Level/Attitude of ManagementL: Understands value supports projectUnlikelyFrequently seek feedback to ensure continued support Absence of Commitment Level/Attitude of UsersL: Understands value supports projectUnlikelyFrequently seek feedback to ensure continued support Absence of Mid-Management CommitmentL: Most understand value support projectUnlikelyFrequently seek feedback to ensure continued support Project Staffing Project Team AvailabilityM: Distributed team makes availability questionableSomewhat likelyContinuous review of project momentum by all levels. Consultant to identify any impacts caused by unavailability. If necessary, increase committmment by participants to full time status Physical Location of Team prevents effective managementM: Team is dispersed among several sitesLikelyUse of Intranet project website, comprehensive Communications Plan Project Team’s Shared Work Experience creates poor working relationshipM: Some have worked together beforeSomewhat likelyComprehensive Communications Plan Weak User Participation on Project TeamL: Users are part-time team membersUnlikelyUser Group Participants coordinated by full time employee Project Management Procurement Methodology Used foreign to teamL: Procurement Methodology familiar to teamUnlikelyN/A Change Management Procedures undefinedL: Well-definedUnlikelyN/A Quality Management Procedures unclearL: Well-defined and acceptedUnlikelyN/A Software Vendor Number of Times Team Has Done Prior Work with Vendor Creates Foreign RelationshipH: NeverCertaintyA comprehensive vendor evaluation and election process (incorporated into Project Plan) will be employed to predict and define the relationship between the department and the vendor Team’s Lack of Knowledge of PackageM: Conceptual understandingSomewhat likelyComprehensive vendor evaluation and selection process in corporated into Project Plan will assist the team in better understanding the package offering(s) Poor Functional Match of Package to Initial System RequirementsL: Minimal customization requiredUnlikelyAlthough a package has not yet been selected, the Consultant has compared the initial requirements with available functionality and determined that a functional match to the initial requirements is very likely. Vendor selection will be based, in part, on how well the proposed application matches defined functional specifications. Team’s Involvement in Package Selection Impacts Success of ImplementationL: High involvement in selectionUnlikelyComprehensive vendor evaluation and selection process incorporated into Project Plan PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH RoleResponsibilities Project SponsorUltimate decision-maker and tie-breaker Provide project oversight and guidance Review/approve some project elements Steering CommitteeCommits department resources Approves major funding and resource allocation strategies, and significant changes to funding/resource allocation Resolves conflicts and issues Provides direction to the Project Manager Review project deliverables Project ManagerManages project in accordance to the project plan Serves as liaison to the Steering Committee Receive guidance from Steering Committee Supervises consultants Supervise vendor(s) Provide overall project direction Direct/lead team members toward project objectives Handle problem resolution Manages the project budget Project ParticipantsUnderstand the user needs and business processes of their area Act as consumer advocate in representing their area Communicate project goals, status and progress throughout the project to personnel in their area Review and approve project deliverables Creates or helps create work products Coordinates participation of work groups, individuals and stakeholders Provide knowledge and recommendations Helps identify and remove project barriers Assure quality of products that will meet the project goals and objectives Identify risks and issues and help in resolutions Subject Matter ExpertsLend expertise and guidance as needed PROJECT ROLES AND RE SPONSIBILITIES ? ISSUE MANAGEMENT The information contained within the Project Plan will likely change as the project progresses. While change is both certain and required, it is important to note that any changes to the Project Plan will impact at least one of three critical success factors: Available Time, Available Resources (Financial, Personnel), or Project Quality. The decision by which to make modifications to the Project Plan (including project scope and resources) should be coordinated using the following process: Step 1: As soon as a change which impacts project scope, schedule, staffing or spending is identified, the Project Manager will document the issue. Step 2:The Project Manager will review the change and determine the associated impact to the project and will forward the issue, along with a recommendation, to the Steering Committee for review and decision. Step 3:Upon receipt, the Steering Committee should reach a consensus opinion on whether to approve, reject or modify the request based upon the information contained within the project website, the Project Manager’s recommendation and their own judgment. Should the Steering Committee be unable to reach consensus on the approval or denial of a change, the issue will be forwarded to the Project Sponsor, with a written summation of the issue, for ultimate resolution. Step 4:If required under the decision matrix or due to a lack of consensus, the Project Sponsor shall review the issue(s) and render a final decision on the approval or denial of a change. Step 5:Following an approval or denial (by the Steering Committee or Project Sponsor), the Project Manager will notify the original requestor of the action taken. There is no appeal process. COMMUNICATION PLAN Disseminating knowledge about the project is essential to the project’s success. Project participants desire knowledge of what the status of the project is and how they are affected. Furthermore, they are anxious to participate. The more that people are educated about the progress of the project and how it will help them in the future, the more they are likely to participate and benefit. This plan provides a framework for informing, involving, and obtaining buy-in from all participants throughout the duration of the project. Audience, this communication plan is for the following audiences: Project Sponsor Steering Committee Project Manager User Group Participants Subject Matter Experts Communications Methodology The communications methodology utilizes three directions for effective communication: Top-Down. It is absolutely crucial that all participants in this project sense the executive support and guidance for this effort. The executive leadership of the organization needs to speak with a unified, enthusiastic voice about the project and what it holds for everyone involved. This will be hands-on change management, if it is to be successful. Not only will the executives need to speak directly to all levels of the organization, they will also need to listen directly to all levels of the organization, as well. The transition from the project management practices of today to the practices envisioned for tomorrow will be driven by a sure and convinced leadership focused on a vision and guided by clearly defined, strategic, measurable goals. Bottom-Up. To ensure the buy-in and confidence of the personnel involved in bringing the proposed changes to reality, it will be important to communicate the way in which the solutions were created. If the perception in the organization is that only the Steering Committee created the proposed changes, resistance is likely to occur. However, if it is understood that all participants were consulted, acceptance seems more promising. Middle-Out. Full support at all levels, where the changes will have to be implemented, is important to sustainable improvement. At this level (as with all levels), there must be an effort to find and communicate the specific benefits of the changes. People need a personal stake in the success of the project management practices. Communications Outreach The following is a list of communication events that are established for this project: Monthly Status Reports. The Project Manager shall provide monthly written status reports to the Steering Committee. The reports shall include the following information tracked against the Project Plan: Summary of tasks completed in previous month Summary of tasks scheduled for completion in the next month Summary of issue status and resolutions Communications Outreach, the following is a list of communication events that are established for this project: Monthly Steering Committee Meeting These status meetings are held at least once per month and are coordinated by the Project Manager. Every member of the Steering Committee participates in the meeting. The Project Manager sends the status report to each member of the team prior to the meeting time so everyone can review it in advance. Bi-Monthly Project Team Status Meeting These status meetings are held every other month. Every member of the Project Team will be invited to participate in the meeting. Project Manager sends the status report to each member of the team prior to the meeting so everyone can review it in advance. Website Use User Group Participants and Subject Matter Experts may be updated monthly at the discretion of the Project Manager. Information will be posted to the project’s website.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Phrases for Greeting People in English

Phrases for Greeting People in English Greetings There are a number of greetings we use when meeting people. These greetings depend on whether we are meeting people, leaving people or meeting people for the first time. Meeting People for the First Time When introduced to someone for the first time, use the following greetings: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you.How do you do. Example Dialogues Person 1: Ken, this is Steve.Person 2: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you. Person 1: How do you do.Person 2: How do you do. Note: The reply to How do you do. is How do you do. This is appropriate when you meet someone for the first time. Meeting People When meeting people during the day, use the following phrases. Formal Good morning / afternoon / eveningHow are you?Its good to see you. Informal HiHey, hows it going?Whats up? Example Dialogues Person 1: Good morning John.Person 2: Good morning. How are you? Person 1: Whats up?Person 2: Nothing much. You?

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Inadequacies of accounting ratios as tools of financial analysis Essay

Inadequacies of accounting ratios as tools of financial analysis - Essay Example The multi-discriminant analysis and methodologies involving ratio disaggregation or decomposition such as DuPont analysis are commonly used as well for the purpose of financial analysis. Any user of financial statements must comprehend the limitations associated with ratio analysis. Ratios are attractive as they are simple and convenient. The ratios can only be as relevant as the data upon which they are based and the information with which they are compared. One glaring limitation of ratios is that they are based on historical cost convention, which can lead to limitations in measuring performance. By not incorporating information on changes in price, inaccurate assessments of the enterprise's financial condition and performance result. Also, all users must keep in mind that where estimated items (such as depreciation and amortization) are large and significant, income ratios lose some of their credibility. Income recognized before the end of the life of the business is just an approximation. In analyzing the income statement, the user should be aware of the various assumptions used in the computation of net income. As one writer aptly noted, "The physicist has lon g since conceded that the location of an electron is best expressed by a probability curve. Surely an abstraction like earnings per share is even more subject to the rules of probability and risk." (Cheney, 1971) Probably the greatest pitfall of ratio analysis is the difficult problem in achieving comparability of firms in a given industry. Achieving comparability among firms requires that the ratio analysis (1) identifies the basic differences existing in their accounting principles and procedures and be (2) flexible enough to adjust the balances (modify the raw data) to achieve comparability. In any peers group ratio analysis it is important to compare ratios to the industry average ratios to see how one company compares to its competitors or even to compare with similar companies or within industries. In US one often uses Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) or North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes as part of peer ratio analysis. Majors like Dun and Bradstreet provides "average" ratio levels for firms in a number of different industries. Deviation from the "industry norm" by a firm may indicate one of the following: 1) a strength in the firm, 2) a weakness in the firm, or 3) a difference in the operating characteristics between the firm and the "industry norm." One must realize that a ratio that is higher than the norm is not necessarily better. This is obviously true for the debt-equity ratio and perhaps less obviously true for the current ratio. A current ratio that is too low may indicate that the firm is not able to raise cash easily; a current ratio that is too high may indicate that the firm is not investing its funds in the most profitable assets (fixed asset investment is often more

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

My Philosophy of Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Philosophy of Nursing - Term Paper Example It is this dependence that brings in the essential human touch to the relation between the patient and the nurse. Even as a nurse discharges professional duties, he or she is not immune to the physical and mental condition of the patient, his craving for care/regaining normal health/fears about death/worldly concerns etc., or personal issues that concern the nurse himself / herself. Therefore, nursing profession is impacted by the customer conditions and subjectivity. Philosophically speaking, a phenomenological approach of Husserl helps us to come to correct view on any given situation by identifying the surrounding facts and avoiding predetermined notions, in other words, objectivity as opposed to subjectivity (caring-matters, 2009). A care-giver has to provide service objectively eliminating subjective issues and keeping at arms length any issue that may give rise to moral or ethical conflicts. According to Crigger, â€Å"The discovery of conflict of interest relationships also negatively impact patient and public trust. Many disciplines are addressing this professional issue, but little work has been done towards understanding and applying this moral category within a nursing context† (Crigger, 2009). Conflict of interest arises when the care-giver is in a position of willfully causing harm to a patient’s life, either due to force of circumstances and/or for personal gain. To conclude, ethical and moral considerations of nursing profession demand that a nurse does nothing that would even remotely attach a stigma of negligence or of personal gain in the process of caring for a patient. Crigger, N.J., â€Å"Towards understanding the nature of conflict of interest and its application to the discipline of nursing†, Nursing Philosophy, Issue 10, Volume 4, (pp. 253-262), Available at:

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Intensification of International Migration Essay Example for Free

The Intensification of International Migration Essay 1. INTRODUCTION Migrant flows are always from the poorest countries with a low probability of employment towards less poor and more dynamic countries where there is an opportunity to find some sort of job. Over the last few years international migration has intensified, with the media referring to the â€Å"regionalisation and globalisation† of migration. The major centers of attraction are the same: United States and the European Union, with countries in southern Europe gradually becoming immigrant receiving countries. The third major region that attracts migrants is the oil-rich Middle East. The fourth major region set to be the target for increasing numbers is Asia/Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand. What are the effects of migration on the countries of origin? Funds sent by migrant to families back home often play a considerable part in the development of the local economy. However, when highly qualified people leave their home country, the investment made by the developing countries in their higher education is lost. To remedy this, programmes have to be set up to encourage immigrants to return, so that they can contribute to the economic development of their home country. The political environment in some African countries must be conflict free for African professionals overseas to return home. Africa is certainly experiencing a debilitating flight of professionals and skilled people escaping their countries’ economic crisis. The level and trend of brain drain has reached unsustainable heights. In the last few years, the brain drain has escalated in magnitude to levels that have serious implications on economic growth in countries like Zimbabwe. Why have African intellectuals and professionals left or thinking seriously of leaving their countries? Previous studies have discovered extremely high levels of dissatisfaction with the cost of living, taxation, availability of goods, and salaries. The number of poor living below the poverty datum line has surged progressively in the last few years because of economic crisis and spiraling inflation. The situation has been exacerbated by declining  real savings compounded by high levels of taxation and rising unemployment levels. The decline in real gross domestic product(GDP), is reflective of failure to attract foreign direct investment(FDI) and increased external debt due to chronic foreign currency shortages to procure raw materials, fuel, electricity and spare parts, against a background of rising production and labour costs due to high inflation have led to declining savings. The contraction in the formal sector, owing to companies’ downsizing, reducing working periods and closure, have led to significant fall in employment levels. Growing lawlessness and politically-motivated violence are some of the push factors for many intellectuals and professionals. The dissatisfaction goes deeper than economic and political circumstances to include housing, medical services, education, education and a viable future for children. Against this background, many skilled persons and professionals have migrated to other countries and the potential for emigrating among African university students and other is most probably very high. There is therefore need to enact policies in Africa to curb these massive brain drain and offer incentives to make staying and working in African countries attractive for professionals and skilled people. The broad objective of this paper is to highlight African brain drain, its causes and consequences. Brain drain is seen in this paper as a complex problem created by both endogenous and exogenous factors, which prey on the disparity between technologically developed and industrialized world, and the poor developing countries. The structure of the papers is as follows; Section I gives a general Introduction to the problem of Brain drain. Section 2 attempts briefly to conceptualize and categorize international migration and the possible causes of international migration. Section 3 gives a detailed analysis of Causes for African Brain Drain. Section 4 attempts to show the Impact and Consequences of African Brain Drain, giving Zimbabwe as an example. Section 5 Conclusion and Future Prospects and Policy Options. . 2. THE CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Some theories of international migration: There is no single, well-developed theory of international migration. Among the various models attempting to explain why international migration begins, five major approaches can be discerned: These were offered by Sharon Stanton Russell 2. Neoclassical economics: macro theory (arguably the body of theory most familiar to World Bank staff) views geographic differences in the supply and demand for labor in origin and destination countries as the major factors driving individual migration decisions. Among the assumptions of this model are that international migration will not occur in the absence of these differentials, that their elimination will bring an end to international movements, and that labor markets (not other markets) are the primary mechanisms inducing movements. Government policy interventions affect migration by regulating or influencing labor markets in origin and destination countries. Neoclassical economics: micro theory focuses on the level of individual rational actors who make decisions to migrate based upon a cost-benefit calculation that indicates a positive net return to movement. In this approach, human capital characteristics that raise the potential benefits of migration, and individual, social, or technological factors that lower costs, will lead to increased migration. Differences in earnings and employment rates are key variables, and governments influence migration through policies that affect these (e.g., through development policies that   raise incomes at the point of origin, decrease the probability of employment at destination, or increase the costs of migration). The new economics of migration views migration as a family (i.e., group) strategy to diversify sources of income, minimize risks to the household, and overcome barriers to credit and capital. In this model, international migration is a means to compensate for the absence or failure of certain  types of markets in developing countries, for example crop insurance markets, futures markets, unemployment insurance, or capital markets. Dual labour market theory holds that demand for low-level workers in more developed economies is the critical factor shaping international migration. To avoid the structural inflation that would result from raising entry wages of native workers, and to maintain labor as a variable factor of production, employers seek low-wage migrant workers. In this model, international migration is demand – based and initiated by recruitment policies of employers or governments in destination areas. World systems theory focuses not on labour markets in national economies, but on the structure of the world market-notably the â€Å"penetration of capitalist economic relations into peripheral, non-capitalist societies, â€Å"which takes place through the concerted actions of neocolonial governments, multinational firms, and national elites. International migration is generated as land, raw materials and labour in areas of origin are drawn into the world market economy and traditional systems are disrupted. 3. CAUSES OF AFRICAN BRAIN DRAIN. In the 1960s most of the African countries became independent, with the former Portuguese territories in 1975. In 1995, the last colony in Africa – South Africa – achieved majority rule. With accession to independence there was a marked change in the pace of migration. The first development plans and those subsequently adopted, accentuated existing disparities between urban areas which enjoyed the benefit of investment and rural areas. In some countries the most elementary freedoms were denied, giving rise to mass exodus of people unprecedented in the history of Africa. The gap between the economic and social development of different regions within countries and of different countries inside and outside Africa, has continued to widen over the years. Brain drain is a migration of professional people(as scientists, professors, or physicians) from one country to another, usually for higher salaries or  better living conditions. Despite the clarity of this definition, most efforts to halt the brain drain or reverse the process, especially in African countries, seem to pay little attention to economic and social imperative to brain drain, and instead, centre on appeals to the spirit of nationalism and patriotism. In extreme cases, some governments threaten to hire foreign professionals as replacement labour for those who left-a more complicated and costly option. Political Turmoil: Political turmoil is linked to the failure of economic development. As pressures of poverty, rapid population growth, disease and illiteracy and environmental degradation mount, they produce a volatile cocktail of insecurity. Resulting war, civil strife, state – sponsored terrorism, riots and other forms of political violence can lead to the displacement of large numbers of people as migrants, refugees, or asylees. In the late twentieth century, compared to previous centuries, more wars are taking place, and they are lasting longer and causing more devastation. According to Papademetriou both internal and regional conflicts, often based on religion and ethnicity, are precipitating unprecedented high levels of international migration. Economic and Political factors: The economic and political factors associated with international migration that have so far been discussed so far forces on the lack of economic development and political stability in many Third World countries. They are the major push factors in migration. The push factors are circumstances in the home environment that make a person think about leaving his normal place of abode for another part of the same country, neighbouring countries, or for a more distant place like the United Kingdom of the United States. Pull Factors i.e. those that draw people to particular destinations, are equally important. The post – World War II expansion of the industrial economies of Western Europe and North America (especially the United States) has led to immigration policies in these countries designed to meet a  burgeoning demand for cheap labour. Globalization has made possible a massive transfer of resources like technology and capital; labour has become another form of large-scale resource transfer; Although more than half of recent international migration flows are between developing countries, the flow from the Third World to industrial nations has grown to unprecedented levels. That developed countries are a magnet for the world’s migrant is evident from statistics. In 1990, half of the world’s migrants (excluding those naturalized, which would increase even more than the number in developed countries) were in industrial countries: 15-20 million were in Western Europe, 15-20 million were in North America, and 2-3 million were in the industrial nations of Asia (e.g. Japan, Taiwan).7 This globalization phenomenon has not escaped the attention  of Deepak Nayyar, who observes that: the process of globalization is bound to exercise a significant influence on the push-factors underlying international migration. It would decrease emigration pressures if it leads to a convergence of levels of income between the industrialized countries and the developing countries. But it would increase emigration pressures if it leads to a divergence in levels of income between the industrialized countries and the developing countries. Similarly, it would decrease emigration pressures if it leads to a reduction in poverty, an expansion of employment opportunities and an improvement in the quality of life for the people in developing countries. But it would increase emigration pressures if it leads to rising poverty, growing inequality, worsening employment prospects and deterioration in the quality of life of people in development countries.8 In summary it should be realized that the globalization of economies, lack of development and political stability in Third World countries, and immigration policies that reflect the need for labour in the receiving industrialized countries have thus far been proposed as the major factors explaining international migration from the Third World to the developed countries e.g. USA, UK., etc. But these alone do not adequately explain why certain countries or individuals, not others, dominate migration flows nor do they explain the particular destination choice of migrants. As earlier discussed, economic globalization, lack of development and political instability, industrial nations’ immigration policies, and linguistic and  historical ties are major factors that account for Third World immigration to developed countries in general. The same factors enable us to understand African immigration to Europe and the United States of America. Sub-Saharan Africa, like most other developing regions, has been integrated into the global economy primarily as a source of cheap primary goods and cheap labour. Initially, African labour was exploited within colonial boundaries but after World War II African labour was often actively recruited by ex-colonial European powers as competition for more expensive European labour. For example, France gave its former African colonies favoured nation status and formed agreements with such African states as Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali to promote labour migration. By 1960, about 20 000 Sub-Saharan Africans were in France; 12 000 in the late 80s. The British were less hospitable to immigrants from their former African colonies. Beginning in 1962, Africans in England were denied full social and political rights. They were subject to four immigrant control and three race relations outs that gradually withdrew their citizenship rights. Pass laws and voucher systems were introduced in order to â€Å"terminate black settler immigration and to introduce repatriation. In 1971, the British passed an immigration act to expressly limit immigration from its former colonies. It can, therefore, be said that Sub-Saharan Africa has generated significant global flows of migrants in the post-war era, mainly to ex-colonial states: Nigerian, Tanzanian, Ugandan, Asians and of late Zimbabweans have migrated to the U.K., Central and West Africans to France; Zairians (Congolese) to Belgium. However, the OECD has argued that these movements are dwafted by regional migrations within Africa. Regional labour have flowed primarily to Nigeria, South Africa, Gabon and the Ivory Coast. The main countries of emigration have been Zaire (now Congo), Angola, Mozambique, Cameroon and Botswana as well as all of the North African Nations, though rarely have their emigrants crossed the Sahara.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Effects of Law Changes on Tourism Industry Essay -- Law Legal Tourism

This essay will discuss how recent changes in the law may impact the tourism industry, because the industry is extremely vulnerable when it faces these emendations in the regulations and this is why politics contributes towards these impacts. Governments constantly introduce different laws which every individual and business must follow or adapt to, organisations often have to change the way they operate due to new policies. These alterations cost lots of capital, in failure to follow the rules, organisations can face prosecution. For example if customers feel that the facility doesn’t meet their needs e.g. wheelchair users in a shop with not lift to access the upstairs section, they may feel discriminated and sue the organisation. The purpose of laws in the society is to protect the public and organisations as it allows to distinction in what is right and wrong, it also gives the authority to take actions against wrongness. According to Soanes and Stevenson (2006) law is a rule or system recognised by a country or community as regulating the actions of its member and enforced by the imposing of penalties. Howlettt (2010) stated that there are two types of laws: Criminal law which is concerned with offences against society at large crimes persecuted by the states, and these cases, if of non-serious nature, are heard in magistrate court but if of serious nature, they will be heard in the crown courts and tried by jury. Civil law in the other hand is concerned with disputes between private parties, for example consumers and supplies, injured party, issue damage or injunction, and these cases are heard in county court. Laws have continuously impacted the tourism industry, going back to the deregulation act 1978 that changed the f... ...in, M. (2008) THE IMPACT OF LOWER VAT RATES ON UK VISITOR ATTRACTIONS AND ACCOMMODATION [online]. Available at: http://www.tourismsoutheast.com/files/market-intelligence/pdf/The%20Impact%20of%20Lower%20VAT%20Rates%20on%20UK%20Visitor%20Attractions%20and%20Accommodation.pdf [accessed: 20 October 2010] Wallop, H. (2010) Tax rise will end benefits brought by air travel, warns BA. The telegraph [Online]. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travHYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html"eHYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html"lnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html [Accessed: 09 November 2010] Effects of Law Changes on Tourism Industry Essay -- Law Legal Tourism This essay will discuss how recent changes in the law may impact the tourism industry, because the industry is extremely vulnerable when it faces these emendations in the regulations and this is why politics contributes towards these impacts. Governments constantly introduce different laws which every individual and business must follow or adapt to, organisations often have to change the way they operate due to new policies. These alterations cost lots of capital, in failure to follow the rules, organisations can face prosecution. For example if customers feel that the facility doesn’t meet their needs e.g. wheelchair users in a shop with not lift to access the upstairs section, they may feel discriminated and sue the organisation. The purpose of laws in the society is to protect the public and organisations as it allows to distinction in what is right and wrong, it also gives the authority to take actions against wrongness. According to Soanes and Stevenson (2006) law is a rule or system recognised by a country or community as regulating the actions of its member and enforced by the imposing of penalties. Howlettt (2010) stated that there are two types of laws: Criminal law which is concerned with offences against society at large crimes persecuted by the states, and these cases, if of non-serious nature, are heard in magistrate court but if of serious nature, they will be heard in the crown courts and tried by jury. Civil law in the other hand is concerned with disputes between private parties, for example consumers and supplies, injured party, issue damage or injunction, and these cases are heard in county court. Laws have continuously impacted the tourism industry, going back to the deregulation act 1978 that changed the f... ...in, M. (2008) THE IMPACT OF LOWER VAT RATES ON UK VISITOR ATTRACTIONS AND ACCOMMODATION [online]. Available at: http://www.tourismsoutheast.com/files/market-intelligence/pdf/The%20Impact%20of%20Lower%20VAT%20Rates%20on%20UK%20Visitor%20Attractions%20and%20Accommodation.pdf [accessed: 20 October 2010] Wallop, H. (2010) Tax rise will end benefits brought by air travel, warns BA. The telegraph [Online]. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travHYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html"eHYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html"lnews/air-passenger-duty/8095665/Tax-rise-will-end-benefits-brought-by-air-travel-warns-BA.html [Accessed: 09 November 2010]

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Microeconomics: Supply and Demand

Prices of Onion (Deshi and Indian) go up due to shortage of supply 1. Introduction: Microeconomic theory is perhaps the most important course in all economics and business programs. I am just trying to discuss about the role of theory or models in com/microeconomics-chapter-4/">microeconomics, discuss the basic methodology of economics, and distinguish between positive and normative analysis. Our main target in this assignment is to write an essay about microeconomics related topic which is published by the newspapers recently.After studying the newspaper I have got a microeconomic related topic which prices go up, as a result, demand will decrease. According to my previous study knowledge, I had some ideas about production cost, import cost, transportation cost and other ssimilar cost by which we can determine the cost and profit. After taking the microeconomic course, it seems to me that the scenario is different. Here we need not only production and other ssimilar cost and profit but also supply and demand, changing situation, income and substitution effect, equilibrium price, elasticity, cost behavior, market position etc..Here my selected product is Onions (Deshi and Indian). This is because; onions are one of the most important commodities of our daily meal. Recently the prices of onions go up in the retail market not only Deshi onion but also Indian onion. Retailer said that, the prices of local onion increased by Tk. 10 a kg and was selling at Tk. 70 a kg while the just harvested onion was retailing at Tk. 45 a kg and Indian onion at Tk. 40 a kg over the last week due to supply shortage.So that, I have decided to write an essay about onion (Deshi and Indian) where Indian onion is the substitute of Deshi onions including the demand and supply of onions, equilibrium price, effect on price, substitution and income effect, production function, elasticity, cost function and market structure of onion. 2. Data Collection: After studying the newspapers, I have found a microeconomic related topic that is, â€Å"Onion, flour, vegetables, fish prices go up† which is published by Financial Express on 15th December, 2012 and ‘Prices of onions, green chili skyrocket’ which is published by New Age on 22 December, 2012.So I have taken two commodity Deshi onion and Indian onion. For getting more information I visited 2 markets which is nearest of my area due to know about the supply and current and previous price and demand for two types of onions. a) Nayabazar Market b) Babubazar Market 3. Demand: 3. 1. Law of demand: We know that, consumer purchase more products when the price is lower and they buy fewer products at higher price where other things remain the same. We also know that, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demended according to the law of demand.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Dulce et Decorum Est †Wilfred Owen’s Poem Essay

Dulce et Decorum Est – Wilfred Owen’s renowned war poem for its frowning on the glorification on war, and The Last Night by Charlotte Gray, similarly depicting the effects of war on the unimpeachable youth, in prose form. Both are excellent representations of the devastation that war truly is and can only result in, and are both written in historical context, only Dulce et Decorum preceded the latter. Dulce directly juxtaposed another war poet, Jessie Pope, who romanticized the concept of it and really manipulated the patriotic conscience. The irony here is that the even after the former described the trauma that war produced, and the unacceptable manner in how people revered the act, the world went on to WWII. Which almost questions why did it happen, did not the destruction of the previous war play any guilt or effect on the countries’ leaders? Over the course of this essay, I aim to reveal the physical and mental effects of war – as well as covering the idealism and the theme of slaughtering the innocents. In the beginning verse of Dulce, the author plays upon the image of a man walking. Contrastive to the propagandizing posters that were often seen at the time that rendered an erect, striding man holding a gun confidently- a picture of tired, old men is illustrated, which emphasizes the idea that they have aged far too quickly. â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars† and â€Å"knock-kneed† delineate a pigeon-toed figure suffering from pure fatigue –an inadequacy to be what is defined as a soldier. In the simile, â€Å"Coughing like hags, we cursed†, we can hear the witch hoarseness of the cough – the enigma here is the build-up this state if they have been simply marching through battles, like Jessie Pope presumed. A sense of utter sensory deprivation is conveyed through, â€Å"Men marched asleep†¦ limped on, lame, all tired, drunk with fatigue, deaf even to the hoots.† The immediate assumption here is that the men would, if given the choice, collapse in a heap of discomfort, subconscious, and fall asleep. The fact that they are compared to drunken men only accentuates their circumstance, a probable disparity between when they started out as recruits and this moment in the poem. They conjured up a web of deception, and empathy from us, as well as in The Last Night, when the children rest in deep sleep despite the appalling environment – really showing their desperation for a moment of peace. The accumulation of all of this is that war has finally taken its toll, the young men evolving — or more appropriately, regressing — into haggard and withered creatures that have faced acute pain and loss. However, the change in pace within the stanza is evident – when faced by death, we experience â€Å"an ecstasy of fumbling†, and this change in speed exposes their anxieties when in the full, frontal face of death, or perhaps the inexplicable torment of a gas attack, as they have seen their peers die in the hands of it before. As they â€Å"fumble† – stressing the urgency of the situation – not everybody manages to clamber on a gas mask in time. The poem is told from a first-person perspective, although this is not made clear at first, however, this allows us to interpret it from a first-hand simulation. The inevitability of the gas floating towards them like a death sentence is horrific -one soldier inhales it, and the devastating effects described in detail. We watch helplessly at him â€Å"flound’ring like a man in fire or lime†, which links to burnings at the stake, arguably the worst torture in existence. We see his eyes writhe in his face, a clear connotation of a loon, suggesting he is in an insane, maniacal state. And then â€Å"his hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin.†, only serves to show how much pain has been delivered. The men then â€Å"fling† him in a wagon which shows the dehumanization of the moment, and they watch him froth and gargle blood, twisting unnaturally. â€Å"The incurable sores† is exactly what it says, incurable. The physical effects are irrevocable, physically and mentally. Through use of emotive metaphors and similes, Owen molds an indubitably sickening portrayal of a suffering man, introducing the readers to the realities of war. Likewise, The Last Night also paints a picture of suffering, but in a far subtler manner. Unlike the soldiers in Dulce, the fate of these innocent, Jewish children is unavoidable for everyone, thus having a certain sadness to it. They have been sentenced to the gas chambers as well, and we can deduce that they will face like pain to the soldier in the previous paragraph, which, for a child, we all know is terrifying and never deserved. The pain we encounter in this extract is more that of basic deprivations, like food, water, and love too. We can understand that the children are exhausted because, despite the most likely uncomfortable surroundings, â€Å"many of the children were too deeply asleep to be aroused.† The children sleep in dung: â€Å"the soft bloom of cheek laid, uncaring†, shows a child with a tinge of rose in his cheeks, the sweetness and the unfairness of this trial he must endure. Again, they are reduced to an animalistic level, â€Å"Jacob’s limbs were intertwined with his [his brother’s] for warmth.†; this imitates two young, baby animals that lie together, unknowing of the world’s cruelties or the predators that stalk them. The children are ravenous and denied of sufficient food and drink, as they cluster around a woman â€Å"holding out sardine cans† for water, and as we know, these cans are remarkably slim and unsuitable to drink water from, especially when the can is passed around of a crowd. They are each provided with a sandwich, this severe rationing a punishment they do not deserve. The physical pain that is shown in this section of The Last Night is purely tiredness and hunger, two qualities good parents ensure their children are not. Their frail bodies find it difficult to withstand this, but the dramatic irony here is that their fate in store is much worse and absolutely inhumane. â€Å"A shower of scraps was thrown towards them† reiterates the animals they are being essentially treated as. As for the mental pain faced by the soldiers, it must surpass the physical by far. From the lies, to leaving their loved ones, the pain and the distant memories are even more difficult to face. Homesickness, when really experienced, can be a very intense and sad feeling, and this does not really raise any morale. One can only imagine their befuddlement when arriving to the trenches and wondering where their accommodation was. As continued from the previous, their mental velocity increased tremendously when in the face of adversity and death. This can only be expected, and is marked by the â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!†. The mental anguish when they see their peer suffer but are utterly of no use in this is astounding, and the scene runs almost as a nightmarish sequence, as signified by â€Å"Dim through the misty panes, and thick green light. In all my dreams before my helpless sight.†. The dramatic verb drown is used, and they watch their former companion die in the sea of gas, they having escaped the same fate by only a second or two. This fact is enough to leave them in a state of momentary shock, and in the future, a play back of this episode is probably revisited by every soldier who saw the sight and regretted having being unable to help him in any way – the same shock was experienced when all the Jews realized their time had come: â€Å"a quickening of muscle and nerve† in The Last Night. Through each line, we must remember whom the poem was addressed to, and we can sense some underlying bitterness. The triplet â€Å"guttering, choking, drowning† throws itself out with a dynamic impact. It wouldn’t be expected for the children to know of their demise, but as seen in the excerpt, they seem to sense something wrong. This is why â€Å"In the filthy straw, they dug their heels in and screamed.† Instead of just struggling, they choose to scream, which reveals their internal uncertainties and distress. The metaphor â€Å"dig† means they are trying to fix themselves in the straw, and how they distrust the officers. They are forced towards and â€Å"crammed† in a bus, which again, brings back the animal-like treatment motif. As the adults wrote their possibly last messages which had no to little guarantee of delivery, â€Å"some wrote with sobbing passion and some with punctilious care.† Both adjectives suggest a degree of great mental turmoil, the only difference being the latter having some restraint. Yet there is a recognition of hopelessness in the atmosphere, â€Å"the adults in the room sat slumped against the wall.†, the emotions going through them must have been complex, but ultimately, an increasing feel of nothing can be done, and giving up. This is not a movie where the resolution magically occurs, but this is a depiction of reality. As the officers call out their names â€Å"alphabetically†, in a standardized order, this shows how devoid of emotion or remorse they are, and how each child and each person is reduced to just another name. There is a nervous and tense atmosphere, it seems as if everybody is waiting for some justice to occur, but as we know, this does not happen. They are quickly thrown into the buses, â€Å"the homely sound of a Parisian bus† is somehow mocking to the whole scene. Probably the most heart-rending image is when a mother sees her child for the last time†¦ â€Å"her eyes were fixed with terrible ferocity†¦ intensely open to fix the picture of her child, for ever.† To see your child for the last time, to know of the death, to be able to do nothing about it, as in Dulce, there is the same sense of no faith or hope. The wails and screams of the women as they throw food towards the buses from the camp – knowing the food will never reach, but desperately wanting to do something anyhow – is the final time they will ever see their maternal figures, and the children are, precisely put, doomed. The fact that none of the officers act even merely touched by their fellow humans’ sadness is repulsive. â€Å"Five municipal buses now stood trembling in the corner of the yard† – the buses are personified, which is a symbolic representation of their fear. The story concludes with the bus turning away, â€Å"the headlights, for a moment, light up the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ opposite before the driver turned the wheel and headed for the station.† This glimpse of something perfectly normal spotlights the unfairness of it all on the children – who at one time, had that ‘other life’. The theme of glory and innocence is well covered in Dulce. In fact, the title is sufficient, To die for your country, is a sweet thing. The poem runs on to contradict it, ending with, â€Å"The old lie: Dulce Et Decorum Est, Pro Patria Mori.† And we are forced to agree, having been witness to the preceding bloodshed. â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs†¦ thy friend, you could not tell with such high zest, to children ardent for some desperate glory, The Old Lie:†, this quotation sums up all the contempt he has for any form of glorification of war, when really it is one’s own sacrifice rather than an obligation. It has a tinge of instruction to it, almost as if he trying to convince her in an angry, forceful way, and if he said it verbally, it seems as if it would increase with volume. This is quite justified, as Jessie Pope idealized war as fun, and liked it to a game, and that anybody who ‘chickened’ out was basically a coward. This induced such an outrage that Owen felt he needed to prove how nauseating the concept was. He addresses the soldiers as â€Å"children†, which somehow brings out their naivety and how easy it is to convince – adults generally lie to children in order to mask the truth. The young men were obviously targeted for recruiting and decided to join more out of fear of mockery rather than pure patriotism. The concept of innocence in The Last Night is brought up quite often, the youngness of the children is stressed upon. For example, â€Å"Some children were too small to manage the step up† and â€Å"A baby few weeks†¦ cot was crammed into the bus.† If the children are too small to even step onto the bus themselves, and require support, and they really criminals – or infested jews? They are too young to even know the reason for their death, and as soon as they came into this world, they were stolen just as quickly. They have no ability to reason, no ability to know of the dangers, no ability to believe in anything, yet simply because of their religion – something they are most likely unaware of – they have been sentenced to die and never experience any of life’s pleasures. If they haven’t learnt simple motor skills, how can they be expected to react to a gas attack? The pure horror of it can never be condensed – it is like t hose horror stories materialized. Dulce and The Last Night are both classic pieces of history, genuine and likely more realistic records of those corrupt events that hopefully will not happen ever again. They are both timeless, and dark reminders of why war shouldn’t happen, although pain is still inflicted, every second. These two pieces are a reminder that pain can never truly be prevented as that is how a few are wired to work – and these few have the power to influnce many others. However, the main point the pieces try to bridge across is the innocence of the fighters – who are more like pawns or victims – and the superfluous glorification of war. Something that pains another should never be laughed or promoted in any form, as fundamentally, we are one species, we are the same, as Shylock in the Merchant of Venice so eloquently expressed. The quotation â€Å"Do unto others as others would do unto you,† applies to both concepts the writers try to draw, but in the end, the sadness in both renditions of war is the dehumanization and of course, the gruesome massacres, but mostly, the indifference. The indifference of the bystanders as well as the leaders.

Friday, November 8, 2019

First World War Essays

First World War Essays First World War Essay First World War Essay DULCE ET DECORUM EST these are the first words of a Latin saying (taken from a limerick by Horace). The words were widely understood and often quoted at the start of the First World War. They mean It is sweet and right. The full saying which ends the poem is Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori which means that: it is sweet and right to die for your country. In other words the poet is trying to emphasize how it is a wonderful and great honour to fight and die for your country.NO MORE HIROSHIMAS is a slogan which was given sarcastically by the government in order to show that a Hiroshima (atomic bomb) had caused so much damage and that they really did not want another one. In this poem, James Kirkup explores many factors which make Japan seem unchanged and a few factors which show the catastrophe and deaths which took place in Japan. James describes peoples bodies as relics. A relic is a part of the body which belongs to a martyr. In other words, James is call ing the people of Japan martyrs.Wilfred Owen uses many images to portray many aspects about the chaos and danger of the war. An example of this is when he uses the phrase till on the haunting flares we turned our backs. He uses this to imply that rockets which were sent up to burn with a brilliant glare, were actually in order to light up men and other targets in the area between the front lines. In order to show how tired the soldiers were, he says that the soldiers began to trudge towards their distant rest. By making this comment, he was trying to show that they were sent to a camp away from the front line where exhausted soldiers could rest for a few days, or longer. Also, phrases like of gas shells dropping softly behind show that the soldiers have struggled beyond the reach of these shells which are now falling behind them as they struggle away from the scene of battle.Wilfred Owen shows the soldiers suffering by describing them as blood-shod, and using images like Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots. This image illustrates that the soldiers were so deaf because of hearing the noise made by the shells which were continuously rushing through the air.In the poem: No More Hiroshimas, James Kirkup uses many adjectives and images to describe how Japan is not much different from what it used to be and how it remains unchanged. However, he mentions that Japan is now sad and refusing rehabilitation. He supports his observation by telling the reader that: life is still going on due to the fact that department stores are still open, there are still neon, flashy over tiled roofs. The poet describes people as noisy and cheerful, which I think is untrue because after such an atomic bomb which had caused devastation on a wide scale, why would people who could have possibly lost their relatives be cheerful? James uses a lot of descriptive and emotive language in order to show that Japan is redeveloping and in an excellent condition.He describes Japans wealth and peoples feelings in Japan throughout the majority of the poem. In fact it is not until the last two stanzas where he actually reveals the horrors that were caused by the Hiroshima. James describes the bodies of the people that died as relics that made him weep. He also describes some of the other events that were a consequence of the disaster. A few examples of this are the burnt clothing, the stopped watches and the torn shorts. These images are very graphic and give the reader a true idea of what the people actually felt like and what kind of situation they were facing.The last two lines of the poem are very effective because James says that we should remember only the things that made the people suffer and the catastrophic events because these are the memories we need. This phrase is very important because it implies that we should only remember the destruction and catastrophe which took place. We should also remember the people who lost their lives. The word relics is used to d escribe their bodies. This word is very strong (as explained above) and this draws attention to the peoples deaths.Wilfred uses many examples of repetition. At the start of the second verse, the word GAS! is repeated two times. The first time, in which the word is repeated, lower case letters are used. However, the second time that the word is repeated, it is in upper case lettering. This implies the sense of panic because it is likely to be a poisonous gas. From the symptoms which are described as drowning, it would appear to be chlorine or phosgene gas. The filling of the lungs with a fluid had the same effects as when a person drowned because of phosgene or chlorine.The panic which is created is because Wilfred Owen is trying to portray the image of death to reader and how the soldiers are about to loose their lives because of the poisonous gas. The poet also tries to confirm the feeling of panic by building up tension in the poem. He does this by showing the reader that the sold iers are struggling to keep hold of their lives and are trying to fit their clumsy helmets on just in time. These helmets are actually gas masks. Other ways in which Owen creates panic are by using onomatopoeias like yelling out and stumbling. The poet shows the reader that the soldiers cannot see through the misty pains and thick green light. The misty pains are the glass bits in the gas masks which should make it possible to see. These pains are however, described as misty. The thick green light is the mist from the chlorine gas which made visibility quite poor. The detailed description of the gas shows the reader that there is no hope and that the soldiers are about to die.James Kirkup uses repetition to emphasize certain aspects of life in Japan that are unaffected by the Hiroshima. An example of this is: the river remains unchanged, sad, refusing rehabilitation. By repeating this particular line twice in the 2nd paragraph, James is trying to draw the readers attention to this p articular aspect of life in Japan.Wilfred Owen describes a soldier who was helpless and who was guttering, choking and dieing. These strong and emotional words show how the soldier was suffering and dieing violently. Owen probably meant that the soldier was flickering out like a candle or gurgling like water draining down a gutter, referring to the sounds in the throat of the choking man. Also, it could be a sound partly like stuttering and partly like gurgling. Even though, Wilfred shows the death of the soldiers, he also shows their enthusiasm by using phrases like My friend, you would not tell with such high zest.James Kirkup describes the people and places in Japan with many adjectives which show that even though the country had been bombed by a Hiroshima, Japan and its people have a lot of enthusiasm in order to rebuild the country and peoples lives.